解决使用pip3时No module named 'lsb_release'的问题

在Ubuntu桌面版中编译安装Python3后，在使用pip3时，出现了一个No module named 'lsb_release'的问题。确认在CentOS7中没有这个问题，看来此问题跟Linux发行版本有关系。本文介绍如何解决这个问题。

问题现象

在使用pip3时，出现下列错误提示：

$ pip3 list
Package    Version
---------- -------
pip        19.0.3 
setuptools 40.8.0 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/pip3", line 10, in 
    sys.exit(main())
  File "/usr/local/python-3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/__init__.py", line 78, in main
    return command.main(cmd_args)
  File "/usr/local/python-3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 228, in main
    timeout=min(5, options.timeout)
  File "/usr/local/python-3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 93, in _build_session
    insecure_hosts=options.trusted_hosts,
  File "/usr/local/python-3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 344, in __init__
    self.headers["User-Agent"] = user_agent()
  File "/usr/local/python-3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 108, in user_agent
    zip(["name", "version", "id"], distro.linux_distribution()),
  File "/usr/local/python-3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 120, in linux_distribution
    return _distro.linux_distribution(full_distribution_name)
  File "/usr/local/python-3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 675, in linux_distribution
    self.version(),
  File "/usr/local/python-3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 735, in version
    self.lsb_release_attr('release'),
  File "/usr/local/python-3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 892, in lsb_release_attr
    return self._lsb_release_info.get(attribute, '')
  File "/usr/local/python-3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 550, in __get__
    ret = obj.__dict__[self._fname] = self._f(obj)
  File "/usr/local/python-3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 998, in _lsb_release_info
    stdout = subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr=devnull)
  File "/usr/local/python-3.7/lib/python3.7/subprocess.py", line 395, in check_output
    **kwargs).stdout
  File "/usr/local/python-3.7/lib/python3.7/subprocess.py", line 487, in run
    output=stdout, stderr=stderr)
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '('lsb_release', '-a')' returned non-zero exit status 1.

注意看最后一行的显示，subprocess模块在执行 lsb_release -a 命令的时候，返回了一个非0的值。非0返回值表示此命令执行失败了。

为了搞清楚为啥 lsb_release -a 命令会执行失败，我单独做了一次执行：

$ lsb_release -a
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/lsb_release", line 25, in 
    import lsb_release
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'lsb_release'

还是看最后一行，No module named ‘lsb_release’ 出现了。而且，我还看到了 import lsb_release 这一行，这说明 lsb_release 是一个Python程序！

问题分析和解决

lsb_release 命令是一个python程序，代码不长，我们可以看看这个程序的源码：

$ cat /usr/bin/lsb_release 
#!/usr/bin/python3 -Es

# lsb_release command for Debian
# (C) 2005-10 Chris Lawrence 

#    This package is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
#    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
#    the Free Software Foundation; version 2 dated June, 1991.

#    This package is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
#    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
#    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
#    GNU General Public License for more details.

#    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
#    along with this package; if not, write to the Free Software
#    Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
#    02110-1301 USA

from optparse import OptionParser
import sys
import os
import re

import lsb_release

def main():
    parser = OptionParser()
    parser.add_option('-v', '--version', dest='version', action='store_true',
                      default=False,
                      help="show LSB modules this system supports")
    parser.add_option('-i', '--id', dest='id', action='store_true',
                      default=False,
                      help="show distributor ID")
    parser.add_option('-d', '--description', dest='description',
                      default=False, action='store_true',
                      help="show description of this distribution")
    parser.add_option('-r', '--release', dest='release',
                      default=False, action='store_true',
                      help="show release number of this distribution")
    parser.add_option('-c', '--codename', dest='codename',
                      default=False, action='store_true',
                      help="show code name of this distribution")
    parser.add_option('-a', '--all', dest='all',
                      default=False, action='store_true',
                      help="show all of the above information")
    parser.add_option('-s', '--short', dest='short',
                      action='store_true', default=False,
                      help="show requested information in short format")
    
    (options, args) = parser.parse_args()
    if args:
        parser.error("No arguments are permitted")

    short = (options.short)
    none = not (options.all or options.version or options.id or
                options.description or options.codename or options.release)

    distinfo = lsb_release.get_distro_information()

    if none or options.all or options.version:
        verinfo = lsb_release.check_modules_installed()
        if not verinfo:
            print("No LSB modules are available.", file=sys.stderr)
        elif short:
            print(':'.join(verinfo))
        else:
            print('LSB Version:\t' + ':'.join(verinfo))

    if options.id or options.all:
        if short:
            print(distinfo.get('ID', 'n/a'))
        else:
            print('Distributor ID:\t%s' % distinfo.get('ID', 'n/a'))

    if options.description or options.all:
        if short:
            print(distinfo.get('DESCRIPTION', 'n/a'))
        else:
            print('Description:\t%s' % distinfo.get('DESCRIPTION', 'n/a'))

    if options.release or options.all:
        if short:
            print(distinfo.get('RELEASE', 'n/a'))
        else:
            print('Release:\t%s' % distinfo.get('RELEASE', 'n/a'))

    if options.codename or options.all:
        if short:
            print(distinfo.get('CODENAME', 'n/a'))
        else:
            print('Codename:\t%s' % distinfo.get('CODENAME', 'n/a'))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

看到 import lsb_release 这一行了吧！出现 No module named ‘lsb_release’ 的问题，显然是这个程序找不到 lsb_release 模块了。

分析：Ubuntu系统自带Python3，而出问题的是我们自己编译安装的最新版的Python3，解决问题的方法，就是寻找Ubunbu自带的Python3使用的 lsb_release 模块，然后将这个模块copy到我们自己编译安装的Python3的lib目录下。同学们可以回头看看上面subprocess模块的错误提示，可以看到我们自己编译安装的Python3的lib路径是：/usr/local/python-3.7/lib/python3.7/，而这个路径下，确实没有 lsb_release 模块。

寻找Ubuntu系统自带的 lsb_release 模块

$ sudo find / -name lsb_release.py
[sudo] password for xinlin: 
find: ‘/run/user/1000/gvfs’: Permission denied
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/lsb_release.py
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/lsb_release.py
/usr/share/pyshared/lsb_release.py

就是这个文件：/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/lsb_release.py

copy到正确路径

将找到的这个文件，copy到正确路径：

$ sudo cp /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/lsb_release.py /usr/local/python-3.7/lib/python3.7/

然后，再试试pip3：

$ pip3 list
Package    Version
---------- -------
pip        19.0.3 
setuptools 40.8.0 
You are using pip version 19.0.3, however version 19.1.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

成功！圆满解决 No module named 'lsb_release' 的问题。CentOS7中不存在此问题，CentOS7中甚至连 lsb_release 命令都没有。Ubuntu服务器版应该也存在这个问题，因为它也有 lsb_release 命令。

-- EOF --

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